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Ledande tillverkare av temperaturgivare

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    Archive technical publications

    Technical publications from Pentronics customer magazine

    In the archive you will find articles that deal with measurement technology. The articles come from the technology pages of our customer magazine.

    The technical section deals with various metrological challenges involved in the installation and use of temperature sensors, measuring systems and instruments.

    Here you will find examples of properties and sources of error involved in different types of temperature measurement, articles about heat transfer in various materials and circumstances, articles about traceable calibration, and much more. This knowledge can strengthen and streamline your business in industry, research and development.

    Click on the relevant heading and choose from the technical articles that have appeared in the customer magazine since 2008.

    Training in temperature measurement Expand

    Lesson 1, The nature and history of temperature

    Lesson 2, Thermodynamics and heat transfer

    Lesson 3, Traceable temperature measurement

    Lesson 4, Temperature sensors

    Lesson 5, Thermocouples and Pt100

    Lesson 6, The thermocouple – Its construction and applications

    Lesson 7, The Pt100 - Its construction and applications

    Lesson 8, Quality assurance and calibration

     Non-contact temperature measurement – Part 1 (The IR Pyrometer’s function and properties)

    Non-contact temperature measurement – Part 2 (The IR Pyrometer’s function and properties)

    Examples of heat transfer Expand

    What I want to measure and what I actually measure

    Serve christmas cheese like the experts

    Does the room get colder when you use a desk fan?

    Temperature measurement through obstacles

    The right temperature is important when making toffee

    The heat transfer of natural convection

    The “perfect egg”- a measurement challenge

    Thermal problem – heating glögg

    Time Constant

    The hot electronics box.

    Sensor placement and response time.

    Does a tea cosy keep the tea hot longer?

    How does a globe thermometer work?

    Exhaust gas temperature during startup is hard to determine in catalytic converters.

      Measurement error when gas flow temperature increases 1

    How cold are the Christmas buffet dishes?

    The temperatures of refrigerant in a geothermal heat pump

    Surface-mounted sensors as good as those in thermowells

    How cold is it in the refrigerator?

    Measuring water temperature from the outside of a half-full plastic pip

    Can a wine cooler work without ice?

      What does the sensor in a waste incinerator measure?

      Leave an air gap between instrument box and hot wall

    Does the air get colder when the wind blows?

    Don't burn your Christmas porridge

      Probe diameter influences temperature measurements

    Large measurement errors with hand-held surface temperature sensors

      Measurement error during ramping

    Warming the Christmas cheese takes time

      Critical insulation thickness for surface mount sensors

    Drying laundry by the sea

    Temperature in an air jet

    Measuring temperature via pressure

    Does the heat from my hand affect the wine in my glass?

    What does a car's outdoor thermometer actually measure?

    Does a table fan reduce the room temperature?

    An old-fashioned butter cooler

    Why aren't there icicles on every house in winter?

    When is a radiation shield useful?

    Does coffee stay hotter in a white or black mug?

    Is a surface probe reliable?

    A surprising mixed air temperature

    How an ice house worked

    Condensed steam - a problem for both spectacles and temp. sensors

    Baked ice cream - impossible?

    Chilly castles

    Do wet temperature sensors react slowly?

    Installation and use of temperature sensors Expand

    Ramp Behavior in Temperature Measurement - Intended vs. Actual Measurement

    Contamination, corrosion and disconnect - Some of the measurement engineers enemies

    Surface mounted sensors

     What factors influence the response time

    Thermocouple connectors and accessories that make your work life easier

     Contact resistance

    Mechanical design that simplifies and solves problems

    Compression fittings – A necessary component

    Surface sensors and varying fluid temperatures

    Surface sensors and build-up inside a pipe

    New sensor measures adiabatic surface temperature and incident radiation (PTHFM)

    Measuring air temperature with a sheathed thermocouple

    Sooty sensor

    Standards for temperature sensors and wake analysis.

    Supporting tubes give strength, a fast response time and simplified installation

    External measurement of internal temperature

    The effect of poor insulation on temperature sensors

    A thermocouple or Pt100 sensor, which should I choose?

    Different ways to measure surface temperature

    Practical ways to influence response times (2)

    Calculating response time for different conditions? (1)

    "Softer" values increasingly important to temperature sensors

    Too shallow an immersion depth causes measurement error

    One hole for nine measuring points

    Slower gas emissions give more precise readings

    Bananas laid the foundation for performance in mass production

    The secret behind custom-made sensors

    Smaller = easier to use (compression fittings)

    "Bombproof" and classified for marine measurements

    The world's most copied Pentronic sensor

    Properties and sources of error by thermocouples Expand

    Sheathed thermocouples – Practical advice and problem solving, part 2

    Sheathed thermocouples – Practical advice and problem solving, part 1

    Response time when measuring the temperature of liquids and gases

    Dangerous with reversed-polarity cabling to a furnace regulator

    Measurement error due coating build-up

    Measurement error due to thermal conduction in a sheathed thermocouple

    Can a thermocouple be used as a flow meter?

     Can a thermocouple be used as a flow meter?

    Is it possible to estimate how dirt in a hen shed affects the measurement error?

    Measuring the outdoor temperatur

    Mismatched thermocouple cables cause measurement error.

    What is the significance of the extension cable’s length?

    Keep thermocouple extension cables outside hot zones!

    Temperature limits in types K and N thermocouples

    The economic advantages of noble metal thermocouples

    New IEC standard for thermocouples

    Type N thermocouples give smaller calibration errors

    Cold junction – the hidden measuring junction

    Which thermocouple type should I choose for high temperatures?

    Install new thermocouples instead of recalibrating

    The right extension cable is important when measuring outdoors

    "Extension leads" with thermocouples - good or bad?

    Hysteresis in type K thermocouples

    Sheathed thermocouples

    Isolated measuring junctions are safest

    Selecting a handheld surface temperature sensor

    A Pt100 or a thermocouple, that is the question

    Properties and sources of error by Pt100s (RTD) Expand

    What affects a Pt100 sensor’s precision?

    The parts of a process sensor

    The resistor determines the accuracy of industrial Pt100s

    Four-wire Pt100 sensors are always more accurate than two-wire Pt1000 sensors

    New standard for Pt100 sensors is an update to today's reality

    A Pt100 or a thermocouple, that is the question

    Contactless temperature measurement (IR) Expand

    Non-contact temperature measurement – Part 2 (The IR Pyrometer’s function and properties)

    Non-contact temperature measurement – Part 1 (The IR Pyrometer’s function and properties)

    IR pyrometers: specify your needs before you buy

    Fast response crucial when detoxifying hazardous waste

    A sister company with cutting edge expertise in IR-pyrometry

    Selecting a handheld surface temperature sensor

    Transmitters and instrumentation Expand

    Measurement system PLB5000 – Reliable measurement for demanding environments

    Wireless sensors

    Smart sensors function more reliably at a lower total cost

    Temperature sensors that give cheaper and better measurement.

    Smart temperature sensors from Pentronic.

    Sharpen your temperature measurement chain.

    Temperature drift in temperature instruments

    Uniquely precise temperature sensors

    Pentronic's miniature transmitter - the two-year track record...

    Smart transmitters give better measurement accuracy

    New transmitter exceeds expectations (micro transmitter)

    3A certified with better performance (micro transmitter)

    Calibration, traceability and measurement uncertainty Expand

    Customised sensor with in-situ tube makes calibration easier

    Traceable measurement is the basis for automatic quality assurance

    Two routes to traceable calibration

    New standard for sheathed thermocouples.

    All brands welcome at the laboratory

    Trainining and new technology make in-house calibration interesting

    Tolerance indications are a perishable commodity so calibrate to know about the uncertainty

    In situ calibration of types K and N thermocouples at high temperatures (2)

    Type N thermocouples give smaller calibration errors (1)

    Precise calibration requires identical temperature sensors

    Batch calibration is good but individual testing is best

    Measurement uncertainty increases in used thermocouples

    Traceability requires known measurement uncertainty

    Important information in a calibration certificate

    Better measurement with field calibration

    Rely on the tolerance limits or calibrate

    Customer-friendly traceability services

    System calibration gives far higher precision

    New measuring instrument equipped for both lab use and field work

    System calibration of sensors and transmitters

    Accreditation levels, not nationality, make the difference...

    New system of comparative inspections

    Accreditation the best proof of competence

    Testing and fine-tuning measurement performance

    What can a calibration certificate tell you?

    Calibration basics: (1) Measurement error and uncertainty

    Are you interested in reading more about temperature measurement?
    Subscribe to our customer magazine or read the magazines here.


    This Read-more symbol tells you that we are publishing an expanded article from our magazine which we have completed with the ambition to satisfy anyone particularly interested in the subject.

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